Most singular nouns form the plural by adding -s.
EXAMPLES
SingularPluralboatboatshousehousescatcatsriverrivers
A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.
EXAMPLES
SingularPluralbusbuseswishwishespitchpitchesboxboxes
A singular noun ending in a consonant and then y makes the plural by dropping the y and adding-ies.
EXAMPLES
SingularPluralpennypenniesspyspiesbabybabiescitycitiesdaisydaisies
IRREGULAR NOUNS
There are some irregular noun plurals. The most common ones are listed below.
EXAMPLES
SingularPluralwomanwomenmanmenchildchildrentoothteethfootfeetpersonpeopleleafleavesmousemicegoosegeesehalfhalvesknifekniveswifewiveslifeliveselfelvesloafloavespotatopotatoestomatotomatoescactuscactifocusfocifungusfunginucleusnucleisyllabussyllabi/syllabusesanalysisanalysesdiagnosisdiagnosesoasisoasesthesisthesescrisiscrisesphenomenonphenomenacriterioncriteriadatumdata
Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural.
EXAMPLES
SingularPluralsheepsheepfishfishdeerdeerspeciesspeciesaircraftaircraft
IRREGULAR VERB/NOUN AGREEMENT
Some nouns have a plural form but take a singular verb.
Plural nouns used with a singular verbSentencenewsThe news is at 6.30 p.m.athleticsAthletics is good for young people.linguisticsLinguistics is the study of language.dartsDarts is a popular game in England.billiardsBilliards is played all over the world.
Some nouns have a fixed plural form and take a plural verb. They are not used in the singular, or they have a different meaning in the singular. Nouns like this include: trousers, jeans, glasses, savings, thanks, steps, stairs, customs, congratulations, tropics, wages, spectacles, outskirts, goods, wits
Plural noun with plural verbSentencetrousersMy trousers are too tight.jeansHer jeans are black.glassesThose glasses are his.
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